The following ad was
published on May 16, 2023 as a full page New York Times ad by the Eisenhower
Media Network, comprised of several former high ranking U.S. military officials
and experts.
The U.S. Should Be a
Force
for Peace in the World
The
Russia-Ukraine War has been an unmitigated disaster. Hundreds of thousands have
been killed or wounded. Millions have been displaced. Environmental and
economic destruction have been incalculable. Future devastation could be
exponentially greater as nuclear powers creep ever closer toward open war.
We
deplore the violence, war crimes, indiscriminate missile strikes, terrorism,
and other atrocities that are part of this war. The solution to this shocking
violence is not more weapons or more war, with their guarantee of further death
and destruction.
As
Americans and national security experts, we urge President Biden and Congress
to use their full power to end the Russia-Ukraine War speedily through
diplomacy, especially given the grave dangers of military escalation that could
spiral out of control.
Sixty
years ago, President John F. Kennedy made an observation that is crucial for
our survival today. “Above all, while defending our own vital interests,
nuclear powers must avert those confrontations which bring an adversary to a
choice of either a humiliating retreat or a nuclear war. To adopt that kind of
course in the nuclear age would be evidence only of the bankruptcy of our
policy–or of a collective death-wish for the world.”
The
immediate cause of this disastrous war in Ukraine is Russia’s invasion. Yet the
plans and actions to expand NATO to Russia’s borders served to provoke Russian
fears. And Russian leaders made this point for 30 years. A failure of diplomacy
led to war. Now diplomacy is urgently needed to end the Russia-Ukraine War
before it destroys Ukraine and endangers humanity.
The Potential for Peace
Russia’s
current geopolitical anxiety is informed by memories of invasion from Charles
XII, Napoleon, the Kaiser and Hitler. U.S. troops were among an Allied invasion
force that intervened unsuccessfully against the winning side in Russia’s
post-World War I civil war. Russia sees NATO enlargement and presence on its
borders as a direct threat; the U.S. and NATO see only prudent preparedness. In
diplomacy, one must attempt to see with strategic empathy, seeking to
understand one’s adversaries. This is not weakness: it is wisdom.
We
reject the idea that diplomats, seeking peace, must choose sides, in this case
either Russia or Ukraine. In favoring diplomacy we choose the side of sanity.
Of humanity. Of peace.
We
consider President Biden’s promise to back Ukraine “as long as it takes” to
be a license to pursue ill-defined and ultimately unachievable goals. It could
prove as catastrophic as President Putin’s decision last year to launch his
criminal invasion and occupation. We cannot and will not endorse the strategy
of fighting Russia to the last Ukrainian.
We
advocate for a meaningful and genuine commitment to diplomacy, specifically an
immediate ceasefire and negotiations without any disqualifying or prohibitive
preconditions. Deliberate provocations delivered the
Russia-Ukraine War. In the same manner, deliberate diplomacy can end it.
U.S. Actions and Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
As
the Soviet Union collapsed and the Cold War ended, U.S. and Western European
leaders assured Soviet
and then Russian leaders that NATO would not expand
toward Russia’s borders. “There would be no extension
of…NATO one inch to the east,” U.S. Secretary of
State James Baker told Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev on February 9, 1990.
Similar assurances from other U.S. leaders as well as from British, German and
French leaders throughout the
1990s confirm this.
Since
2007, Russia has repeatedly warned that NATO’s armed forces on Russian borders
were intolerable – just as Russian forces in Mexico or Canada would be
intolerable to the U.S. now, or as Soviet missiles in Cuba were in 1962. Russia
further singled out NATO expansion into Ukraine as especially provocative.
The Russia-Ukraine War has been an
unmitigated disaster. Hundreds of thousands have been killed or wounded.
Millions have been displaced. Environmental and economic destruction have been
incalculable. Future devastation could be exponentially greater as nuclear
powers creep ever closer toward open war.
We deplore the violence, war crimes,
indiscriminate missile strikes, terrorism, and other atrocities that are part
of this war. The solution to this shocking violence is not more weapons or more
war, with their guarantee of further death and destruction.
As Americans and national security
experts, we urge President Biden and Congress to use their full power to end
the Russia-Ukraine War speedily through diplomacy, especially given the grave
dangers of military escalation that could spiral out of control.
Sixty years ago, President John F.
Kennedy made an observation that is crucial for our survival today. “Above all,
while defending our own vital interests, nuclear powers must avert those
confrontations which bring an adversary to a choice of either a humiliating retreat
or a nuclear war. To adopt that kind of course in the nuclear age would be
evidence only of the bankruptcy of our policy–or of a collective death-wish for
the world.”
The immediate cause of this disastrous
war in Ukraine is Russia’s invasion. Yet the plans and actions to expand NATO
to Russia’s borders served to provoke Russian fears. And Russian leaders made
this point for 30 years. A failure of diplomacy led to war. Now diplomacy is
urgently needed to end the Russia-Ukraine War before it destroys Ukraine and
endangers humanity.
The Potential for Peace
Russia’s current geopolitical anxiety
is informed by memories of invasion from Charles XII, Napoleon, the Kaiser and
Hitler. U.S. troops were among an Allied invasion force that intervened
unsuccessfully against the winning side in Russia’s post-World War I civil war.
Russia sees NATO enlargement and presence on its borders as a direct threat;
the U.S. and NATO see only prudent preparedness. In diplomacy, one must attempt
to see with strategic empathy, seeking to understand one’s adversaries. This is
not weakness: it is wisdom.
We reject the idea that diplomats,
seeking peace, must choose sides, in this case either Russia or Ukraine. In
favoring diplomacy we choose the side of sanity. Of humanity. Of peace.
We consider President Biden’s promise
to back Ukraine “as long as it takes” to be a license to pursue
ill-defined and ultimately unachievable goals. It could prove as catastrophic
as President Putin’s decision last year to launch his criminal invasion and
occupation. We cannot and will not endorse the strategy of fighting Russia to
the last Ukrainian.
We advocate for a meaningful and
genuine commitment to diplomacy, specifically an immediate ceasefire and
negotiations without any disqualifying or prohibitive preconditions. Deliberate provocations
delivered the Russia-Ukraine War. In the same manner, deliberate diplomacy can
end it.
U.S. Actions and Russia’s
Invasion of Ukraine
As the Soviet Union collapsed and the
Cold War ended, U.S. and Western European leaders assured Soviet and then Russian leaders that NATO would not expand toward Russia’s borders. “There would be no extension of…NATO one inch to the east,” U.S. Secretary
of State James Baker told Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev on February 9, 1990.
Similar assurances from other U.S. leaders as well as from British, German and
French leaders throughout the 1990s confirm this.
Since 2007, Russia has repeatedly
warned that NATO’s armed forces on Russian borders were intolerable – just as
Russian forces in Mexico or Canada would be intolerable to the U.S. now, or as
Soviet missiles in Cuba were in 1962. Russia further singled out NATO expansion
into Ukraine as especially provocative.
Seeing the War Through Russia’s
Eyes
Our attempt at understanding the
Russian perspective on their war does not endorse the invasion and occupation,
nor does it imply the Russians had no other option but this war.
Yet, just as Russia had other options,
so too did the U.S. and NATO leading up to this moment.
The Russians made their red lines
clear. In Georgia and Syria, they proved they would use force to defend those
lines. In 2014, their immediate seizure of Crimea and their support of Donbas
separatists demonstrated they were serious in their commitment to defending
their interests. Why this was not understood by U.S. and NATO leadership is
unclear; incompetence, arrogance, cynicism, or a treacherous mixture of all
three are likely contributing factors.
Again,
even as the Cold War ended, U.S. diplomats, generals and politicians were warning of the dangers of expanding NATO to Russia’s borders
and of maliciously interfering in Russia’s sphere of influence. Former Cabinet
officials Robert Gates and William Perry issued these warnings, as did
venerated diplomats George Kennan, Jack Matlock and Henry Kissinger. In 1997,
fifty senior U.S. foreign policy experts wrote an open letter to President Bill
Clinton advising him not to expand NATO, calling it “a policy error of historic proportions.” President
Clinton chose to ignore these warnings.
Most important to our understanding of
the hubris and Machiavellian calculation in U.S. decision-making surrounding
the Russia-Ukraine War is the dismissal of the warnings issued by Williams
Burns, the current director of the Central Intelligence Agency. In a cable to
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in 2008, while serving as Ambassador to
Russia, Burns wrote of NATO expansion and Ukrainian membership:
“Ukraine and Georgia’s NATO aspirations not
only touch a raw nerve in Russia, they engender serious concerns about the
consequences for stability in the region. Not only does Russia perceive
encirclement, and efforts to undermine Russia’s influence in the region, but it
also fears unpredictable and uncontrolled consequences which would seriously
affect Russian security interests. Experts tell us that Russia is particularly
worried that the strong divisions in Ukraine over NATO membership, with much of
the ethnic-Russian community against membership, could lead to a major split,
involving violence or at worst, civil war. In that eventuality, Russia would
have to decide whether to intervene; a decision Russia does not want to have to
face.”
Why did the U.S. persist in expanding
NATO despite such warnings? Profit from weapons sales was a major factor.
Facing opposition to NATO expansion, a group of neoconservatives and top
executives of U.S. weapons manufacturers formed the U.S. Committee to Expand NATO. Between 1996 and
1998, the largest arms manufacturers spent $51 million ($94 million today) on lobbying and
millions more on campaign contributions. With this largesse, NATO expansion
quickly became a done deal, after which U.S. weapons manufacturers sold billions
of dollars of weapons to the new NATO members.
So far, the U.S. has sent $30
billion worth of military gear and weapons to Ukraine, with total aid to
Ukraine exceeding $100 billion. War, it’s been said, is a racket, one that is
highly profitable for a select few.
NATO expansion, in sum, is a key
feature of a militarized U.S. foreign policy characterized by unilateralism
featuring regime change and preemptive wars. Failed wars, most recently in Iraq
and Afghanistan, have produced slaughter and further confrontation, a harsh
reality of America’s own making. The Russia-Ukraine War has opened a new arena
of confrontation and slaughter. This reality is not entirely of our own making,
yet it may well be our undoing, unless we dedicate ourselves to forging a
diplomatic settlement that stops the killing and defuses tensions.
Let’s make America a force for peace in
the world.
SIGNERS
Dennis Fritz, Director, Eisenhower Media Network;
Command Chief Master Sergeant, US Air Force (retired)
Matthew Hoh, Associate Director,
Eisenhower Media Network; Former Marine Corps officer, and State and Defense official.
William J. Astore, Lieutenant Colonel,
US Air Force (retired)
Karen Kwiatkowski, Lieutenant Colonel,
US Air Force (retired)
Dennis Laich, Major General, US
Army (retired)
Jack Matlock, U.S. Ambassador to
the U.S.S.R., 1987-91; author of Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended
Todd E. Pierce, Major, Judge
Advocate, U.S. Army (retired)
Coleen Rowley, Special Agent, FBI
(retired)
Jeffrey Sachs, University
Professor at Columbia University
Christian Sorensen, Former Arabic
linguist, US Air Force
Chuck Spinney, Retired
Engineer/Analyst, Office of Secretary of Defense
Winslow Wheeler, National security
adviser to four Republican and Democratic US
Lawrence B. Wilkerson, Colonel, US Army
(retired)
Ann Wright, Colonel, US Army
(retired) and former US diplomat
TIMELINE
1990 – U.S. assures Russia that NATO
will not expand towards its border “…there would be no extension of…NATO one
inch to the east,” says US
Secretary of State James Baker.
1996 – U.S. weapons manufacturers form
the Committee to Expand NATO, spending over $51 million lobbying Congress.
1997 – 50 foreign policy experts
including former senators, retired military officers and diplomats sign an open
letter stating NATO expansion to be “a policy error of historic proportions.”
1999 – NATO admits Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic to NATO. U.S.
and NATO bomb Russia’s
ally, Serbia.
2001 – U.S. unilaterally withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
2004 – Seven more Eastern European
nations join NATO. NATO troops are now directly on Russia’s border.
2004 – Russia’s parliament passed a resolution denouncing NATO’s expansion. Putin
responded by saying that Russia would “build our defense and security policy
correspondingly.”
2008 – NATO leaders announced plans to bring Ukraine and Georgia, also on Russia’s
borders, into NATO.
2009 – U.S. announced plans to put missile systems into Poland and Romania.
2014 – Legally elected Ukrainian president, Viktor
Yanukovych, fled violence to Moscow. Russia views ouster as a coup by U.S. and
NATO nations.
2016 – U.S. begins troop buildup in Europe.
2019 – U.S. unilaterally withdraws
from Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty.
2020 – U.S. unilaterally withdraws from Open Skies Treaty.
2021 – Russia submits negotiation proposals while sending more forces to the
border with Ukraine. U.S. and NATO officials reject the Russian proposals immediately.
Feb 24, 2022 – Russia invades Ukraine, starting the Russia-Ukraine War.
This ad reflects the views of the
signers. Paid for by Eisenhower Media Network, a project of People Power
Initiatives.
Read more at
www.EisenhowerMediaNetwork.org