HANK KAMINSKY'S "PEACE ROCK"

HANK KAMINSKY’S “PEACE ROCK”

     Hank Kaminsky's "Peace Rock'' (1998) accentuates the hillside back yard of the residence of James Richard (Dick) Bennett, who commissioned the sculpture in 1997. The sculpture honors all peacemakers by naming thirty United States peacemakers, men and women equally.

     The oval sculpture --17 inches wide, 40 inches long, and 19 inches tall-is eloquent in its function. In bold raised letters at the top the sculpture spells out PEACE, while the names of the peacemakers, also in raised letters, surround the sides.

    Three features of the sculpture deserve special comment (with thanks to Hank).  First, it is shaped and colored dark brown to appear from a distance as a large stone, to suggest a connection between peace and the evolving earth and humankind. Second, the letters of PEACE are designed to contain soil for growing moss and ferns to suggest the connection between the ideal of peace and the tranquility of plants, in contrast to the machines of death machine guns, planes, nuclear bombs. The quest is for peace not only among humans but between the human-made techno-sphere and the natural ecosphere. Among the planet's greatest problems--perpetual wars, nationalism, imperialism, hunger and malnutrition, the global war of rich against the poor, nuclear holocaust--ecological destruction ranks highest in urgency. Third, the name\ of the peacemakers are not always immediately discernible because, in contrast to the Vietnam Memorial Wall's incised clarity for quick identification, the sculptor wished to involve viewers in the peacemakers search for peace. The incompleteness of the names Thoreau and Rukeyser, for example, share the subsidence of the letter E, to suggest the perpetual danger of the collapse of peace into war.

      All of the names are inscribed horizontally to suggest time and the equality of these peacemakers in time, who are placed in random order up and down, left and right. The sculpture rests in a setting of flowers, shrubs, and trees. It can be viewed on eye-level from the residence's deck at a distance of 30 feet.

    The United States is a war-making nation. It has fought a dozen wars since 1941, most of them not defensive (despite its name-change, the Department of Defense remains the old Department of War).   It  invaded a dozen countries during the second half of the 20th century, in violation of international laws and treaties, illegal acts of aggression against sovereign nations which opposed us, were defined as "enemies,” expressed a different ideology, or simply stood in our way to some national goal (Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Libya, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Grenada, Panama, Iraq). The United States glorifies war; ceremonies and symbols and monuments of warriors pervade national life: and terrorism comes always from some other nation or group.  From childhood, we are conditioned to accept aggression and war and the violence essential to war-making.

     Many methods exist for diminishing nationalistic, conditioned aggression. One is to increase the ethos of peace and of peacemaker models for our youth by building memorials to peacemakers and nonviolence in peaceful and beautiful landscapes. Our children know the names of our warriors, who are celebrated in countless ways. They do not know the names of our peacemakers. So we must begin at our homes to instill the values of beauty, peace, and just law by celebrating the peacemakers by naming them. Just as citizens have always expressed their patriotism by erecting a flag in their yard, or by setting aside a place in their home to remember loved ones who served or were killed in war--the home as a war memorial, privately reinforcing the legitimacy of the war-making nation---, we can also transform our homes into peace memorials.to honor those who sacrificed for peace and imagined a peacemaking nation.

   John Ruskin in The Seven Lamps of Architecture argued that architecture, as the art of edifices that contributes to our "mental health, power, and pleasure," is an index of a nation’s values. Throughout our history, warriors have appropriated this domain of public good.  But a counter-movement is rising of beautiful monuments dedicated to peace, especially in landscaped places. We must know and remember peacemakers, not warmakers and killers, if we are to have peace. The plastic arts and literature provide us with memory.  Ruskin: "it is well to have, not only what men have thought and felt, but what their hands have handled, and their strength wrought, and their eyes beheld, all the days of their life.”

  This sculpture is a measure of our culture's struggle with violence.  In conception, design, and execution, it offers "health, power, and pleasure.'  And it benefits from the spiritual and sensory power of the landscape, both of` which are to be discovered by the inquiring visitor.  In contrast to the immensely successful conditioning of soldiers to kill by the U. S. Army, and the apparently successful conditioning of the population to be violent by our culture---in films, television, computer games--sculpture and place invite non-violent reflection and behavior.

     It is hoped that this private place for peace will inspire the creation of more private peace memorials. and Iead outward to more public peace memorials. We should strive to create not only private places of peace but also to create peace parks and gardens and sculptures in our towns, cities and countryside, if we are ever to evolve into a nation and world dedicated to peaceful rather than Pentagon values.

     Biographies of all of the peacemakers named on Kaminsky's sculpture (except for one) may be found in books by Michael True: Justice-Seekers, Peacemakers: 32 Portraits in Courage(1985) and To Construct Peace. 30 More Justice Seekers and Peacemakers(1990). True has also written An Energy Field More Intense Than War: the Nonviolent Tradition and American Literature (l995).

     A note on heroes. Our genuine heroes are less well known than the false heroes used to sell products. Our society is saturated with meretricious celebrities pushing commodities. Celebrity names sell; celebrity makes money. What kind of person the celebrity is or what relation the celebrity has to the product sold matters little. But the heroes listed on Hank Kaminsky's engrossing “Peace Rock” possess authentic identity as seekers for a peaceful world.

  Hank Kaminsky was born April 3, 1939. He is married to Jo Ann Burton Kaminsky and has two sons. Jesse and Daniel. He was educated at QueensCollege (Flushing, NY), the Art Students League, the NewSchool for Social Research, the PennsylvaniaAcademyof the Fine Arts, and the University of Arkansas. His most well known work is the World Peace Prayer fountain on the downtown Square of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Some of his other sculptures are: "The Miracle of the Double Helix,'' University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; a Set of Communion Vessels and Candle Fixtures for the First United Presbyterian Church, Fayetteville; "Islands in the Sea" for Temple Shalom, Fayetteville; “Yahrzeit" for Temple B'nai Israel, Little Rock; and "Eternal Light" and "Words for Healing" at the Washington Regional hospital in Fayetteville.. His works have been shown widely in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, DC, Birmingham, AL, and throughout Arkansas. He has taught widely from Dallas to New York City to Branson, including the position of Adjunct Assistant Professor of Art, University of Arkansas. Fayetteville. "Since 1971 I have been working with a technique which I call 'Sand-Matrix Design.'' The latest example of this technique can be seen in the sculpture series called "The Sacred Ground Project," a collection of concrete sculptures designed for gardens.

The Peacemakers celebrated on the sculpture, all from the United States, are:

Jane Addams (1860-1935) co-founded the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, opposed   U.S. entering WWI, "one of the great leaders in the American tradition of nonviolence."

Joan Baez (194I-), human rights activist, jailed twice for demonstrating against the Vietnam War and U.S. interventions in Southeast Asia, supported war tax resistance and political prisoners.

Adin Ballou (l803- 1890) founded the Hopedale Community utopian experiment, significant adherent of Christian non-resistance and nonviolence, influenced Tolstoy and Gandhi.

Daniel (1921) and Philip (1923-) Berrigan, leaders of the Catholic non-violent anti-war and anti-nuclear   movement, both often imprisoned. Philip and his wife, Elizabeth McAlister, founded the resistance center, Jonah House, and the publication, Year One, and have been active in Plowshares actions.   Daniel has won many literary prizes for his poetry and play, The Trial of the Catonsville Nine.

Elise (1920-) and Kenneth (1910- 1993) Boulding, founders of the International PEACE Research Association (PRA) and its North American Affiliate, the Consortium on Peace Research, Education, and

Development (COPRED).  He authored Stable Peace, she Building a Global Civil Culture.

Randolph Bourne (I886-1918), socialist, fervent opponent of U.S. intervention in WWI and the war-making state.

Elihu Burritt (I8I0-I879), founded the first International Peace Society (1854), edited the Advocate of Peace and Universal Brotherhood for the American Peace Society which anticipated the League of  Nations and the World Court.

Cesar Chavez (1917-I923), with Dolores Huerta co-founded the United Farm Workers, both committed to nonviolence.

Noam Chomsky (1928-), anarchist and socialist opponent of U.S. imperialism and the

military/ndustria/media/university complex of war-making

Sr. Maura Clarke (1931 -1980), member of the Maryknoll order, friend to victims of repressive governments, murdered by the El Salvadoran military.

Frances Crowe (1919-), Quaker, anti-war (Vietnam) and anti-nuclear activist, anti-draft counselor, prisoner, recipient of awards from Catholic, Protestant, and other groups.

Dorothy Day (1897-1980), Catholic, war-resister, defender of the poor. civil-disobedient. writer, founder (1933) of The Catholic Worker, "the most remarkable person in the history of American Catholicism

Eugene Debs (1855-1926), five times the Socialist Party's nominee for president of the U.S.. imprisoned for opposing W.W.I.. defender of the poor, co-founder of the I WW.

David Dellinger (1915 –2004), imprisoned for conscientious objection during WWII, edited Liberationafter the war, a journal of radical pacifism, co-chair of the New Mobilization committee to end the war in Vietnam, one of the Chicago 8.

Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (1890- 1964), communist, chair of International Labor Defense, co-founder of the   ACLU, victim of Red Scares of 1919 and McCarthyism, imprisoned 1955-57: she was the "rebel girl” of Joe Hill's song.

Allen Ginsberg (l925-l 997), poet, opposed the Vietnam War (the only person on the sculpture not in either of True's books; a favorite peacemaker of the sculptor).

Martin Luther King, Jr. (I 929-1968), Baptist minister, advocate of non-violence, writer, orator; leader of Civil Rights Movement I950s- 1960s, opponent of Vietnam War, prisoner.

Kathy Knight (1938-), a leader of Catholic non-violent peace movement against the Vietnam War.

Meridel LeSueur ( 1900- 1997), writer, socialist, blacklisted during McCarthy era, opponent of nuclear  weapons, feminist.

Denise Levertov (1923- 1997) opposed the Vietnam War and wrote numerous poems on war and violence.

Mennonites, one of the three historic peace churches (with Quakers and Brethren), oppose war and killing as contrary to the gospel.

Thomas Merton (1915-1968), Trappist monk, urged nonviolent social change among Catholics, edited  Breakthrough to Peace and Thomas Merton on Peace.

Quakers, the Society of Friends, one of the three historic peace churches, helped develop principle of conscientious objection, committed to nonviolence.

Muriel Rukeyser (l9l3-1980), prize-winning poet, imprisoned for opposing Vietnam War draft and nuclear arms, as president of PEN (international organization of poets, essays, and novelists) traveled the world to protect imprisoned writers.

Mulford Sibley (1912-1989), teacher, writer (The Ouiet Battle, 1968, The Obligation to Disobey. 1970), war resister, pacifist.

William Stafford (1914- 1993), imprisoned in Arkansas for conscientious objection to WWII, became an award-winning writer and lifetime war resister.

Lucy Stone (l818-1893), abolitionist and women's rights activist.

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), jailed for "civil disobedient" tax resistance against the U.S. invasion of Mexico ( I846), author of “Civil I Disobedience,” one of the most influential critics of unjust state violence.

Annabel WoIfson (1915-I983) opposed war, conscription, imperialism.

Howard Zinn (1902-), historian:  SNCC: The New Abolitionists (1964), A People`s History of the United States(198O), war protester.

True discusses many other peacemakers in his two books. For example, he says of Ammon Hennacy (I893-1970): “the one man revolution," draft resister who served many years in prison during WWI, arrested 32 times for civil disobedience against nuclear weapons, war, and capital punishment.  That is, choosing my thirty peacemakers was very difficult, so great are they all, and became sometimes a toss of a coin.  

Recommended reading:

Ackerman, Peter, and Jack Duvall.  A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict.   St. Martin’s, 2000.

Adolf, Antony.  Peace: A World History.  Polity, 2009.

Commoner, Barry. Making Peace with the Planet.New York: Pantheon, 1990.

Gay, Peter. The Cultivation of Hatred. Vol. III of The Bourgeois Experience: Victoriato Freud. New

  York: Norton, 1993.

Grossman, Dave, Lt. Col. On Killing The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society.

  Boston. Little, Brown, 1997.

Hanh, Thich Nhat. Peace Is Every Step, the Path of Mindfulness in Everyday Life. New York: Bantam.

McKean, John. Places for Peace, London: Architects for Peace, 1989.

McSorley, Richard.  New Testament Basis of Peacemaking. Herald, 1985.

Mosse, George, Fallen Soldiers. Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars,New York: Oxford UP. 1990.

Polner, Murray and Thomas Woods, Jr., eds.  We Who Dared to Say No to War: American Antiwar Writing from 1812 to Now.  Basic Books, 2008.

Sharp, Gene.  The Politics of Nonviolent Action.  Porter Sargent, 1973.

Smith-Christopher, Daniel, ed.  Subverting Hatred: The Challenge of Nonviolence in Religious Traditions.      BostonResearchCenter, 1998.

Winter, Jay. Sites of memory, sites of mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History. Cambridge:  CambridgeUP, 1995.